Understanding Uterine Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What is Uterine Cancer?

Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus. It is the most common type of gynecologic cancer in the United States, accounting for approximately 6% of all female cancer diagnoses. The exact cause of uterine cancer is still unknown, but it is believed to be linked to factors such as hormonal imbalances, obesity, and a family history of the disease.

Uterine cancer typically affects women over the age of 50, with most cases diagnosed in postmenopausal women. However, it can also occur in premenopausal women, especially those who have not yet reached menopause due to certain medical conditions or treatments such as tamoxifen therapy.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of uterine cancer can vary depending on the stage and location of the tumor. Common signs include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and changes in bowel or bladder habits. In some cases, there may be no noticeable symptoms at all until the disease has progressed to a more advanced stage.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI, and biopsy. A healthcare provider will perform a thorough medical history and pelvic exam to assess any abnormalities in the reproductive organs. Additional testing may include blood tests to check for tumor markers and genetic mutations.

Treatment Options

The treatment options for uterine cancer depend on the stage and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Surgery is often the primary treatment approach, either through a hysterectomy or other minimally invasive procedures. In some cases, radiation therapy may be used in conjunction with surgery to ensure complete removal of the tumor.

Chemotherapy may also be recommended for patients who have advanced-stage disease or those whose cancer has recurred after initial treatment. Targeted therapies and hormonal treatments are also being explored as potential options for uterine cancer patients.